To recapitulate on these diversities: there were two Crowns, and soon to be at least a nominal third Crown when Ireland was declared a kingdom in 1541 by Henry VIII. There were three Parliaments, in London, Dublin and Edinburgh. There were four nations, English, Welsh, Scots and Irish, though Ireland was divided ethnically, politically (and ecclesiastically) into Anglo-Norman or Old English, and Gaelic Irish zones. There were ten languages in use: Latin, English, Welsh, Scots, Scottish Gaelic, Norn,
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